The history of medicine is a narrative of escalating scale and specificity. We have progressed from gross anatomical interventions to cellular pathology, and from systemic pharmacology to molecularly targeted therapies. Yet, a fundamental disconnect has persisted: the scale of our therapeutic interventions has remained orders of magnitude larger than the scale at which disease manifests. Cancer, neurodegeneration, and genetic disorders originate and propagate through molecular dysregulations, protein misfolding, and errant cellular signaling—a world measured in nanometers. To intervene at this scale with macroscopic tools is to attempt the repair of a master clock with a sledgehammer; the results, while sometimes life-prolonging, are often blighted by a devastating lack of precision and consequent collateral damage.